Why Are Tariffs Preferable to Quotas

Why are tariffs preferred to quantitative restrictions as a means of controlling imports? Tariffs and quantitative restrictions (commonly known as import quotas) both serve the purpose of controlling the number of foreign products that can enter the domestic market. There are a few reasons why tariffs are a more attractive option than import quotas. Tariff Generate Revenue Tariffs generate revenue for the government. If the U.S. government puts a 20 percent tariffs on imported Indian cricket bats, they will collect $10 million dollars if $50 million worth of Indian cricket bats is imported in a year. That may sound like small change for a government, but given the millions of different goods which are imported into a country, the numbers start to add up. In 2011, for instance, the U.S. government collected $28.6 billion in tariff revenue. This is revenue that would be lost to the government unless their import quota system charged a licensing fee on importers. Quotas Can Encourage Corruption Import quotas can lead to administrative corruption. Suppose that there is currently no restriction on importing Indian cricket bats and 30,000 are sold in the U.S. each year. For some reason, the United States decides that they only want 5,000 Indian cricket bats sold per year. They could set an import quota at 5,000 to achieve this objective. The problem is—how do they decide which 5,000 bats get in and which 25,000 do not? The government now has to tell some importer that their cricket bats will be let into the country and tell some other importer than he will not be. This gives the customs officials a lot of power, as they can now give access to favored corporations and deny access to those who are not favored. This can cause a serious corruption problem in countries with import quotas, as the importers chosen to meet the quota are the ones who can provide the most favors to the customs officers. A tariff system can achieve the same objective without the possibility of corruption. The tariff is set at a level which causes the price of the cricket bats to rise just enough so that the demand for cricket bats falls to 5,000 per year. Although tariffs control the price of a good, they indirectly control the quantity sold of that good due to the interaction of supply and demand. Quotas More Likely to Encourage Smuggling Import quotas are more likely to cause smuggling. Both tariffs and import quotas will cause smuggling if they are set at unreasonable levels. If the tariff on cricket bats is set at 95 percent, then its likely that people will try to sneak the bats into the country illegally, just as they would if the import quota is only a small fraction of the demand for the product. So governments have to set the tariff or the import quota at a reasonable level. But what if the demand changes? Suppose cricket becomes a big fad in the United States and everybody and their neighbor want to buy an Indian cricket bat? An import quota of 5,000 might be reasonable if the demand for the product would otherwise be 6,000. Overnight, though, suppose the demand has now jumped to 60,000. With an import quota, there will be massive shortages and smuggling in ​cricket bats will become quite profitable. A tariff does not have these problems. A tariff does not provide a firm limit on the number of products that enter. So if the demand goes up, the number of bats sold will go up, and the government will collect more revenue. Of course, this can also be used as an argument against tariffs, as the government cannot ensure that the number of imports will stay below a certain level. The Tariff vs. Quota Bottom Line For these reasons, tariffs are generally considered to be preferable to import quotas. However, some economists believe that the best solution to the problem of tariffs and quotas is to get rid of them both. This isnt the view of most Americans or, apparently, of a majority of members of Congress, but it is one held by some free-market economists.

What Factors During The Colonial Period Essay - 1636 Words

ESSAY QUESTION: What factors during the colonial period led to American colonists declaring independence from the British Empire? Be sure to discuss the economic, political, and cultural aspects of the American Revolution. PROVISIONAL HYPOTHESIS: The structure of America revolution to address a various issue, which has great impact on America It, was the procedure where the thirteen colonies of North America became independent of Great Britain also then formed a new integrated government. The major reasons of America revolution are cultural, economic and political. Subset section SUB-SECTIONS: The Americans fought beside the British for a figure of reasons, but the mainly important reason was economic in nature. The American Revolution was fought for diverse ideas that were significant in those times. The economy in America was not the greatest, and people had to sustain all the instructions from Great Britain as this was their home country. Consequently, the British prohibited the economy of North America. Several Americans thought that the British were building injustices through the American economy and this was the major reason for the revolution. The American Revolution had their standard figures in the moderate people, who thought that Great Britain was doing prejudices within the colonies. One of the liberal citizen’s major points was never supposed that everybody should be the same economically (McKay 692). The difference connecting rich as well as poor in esteemShow MoreRelatedApush Chapter 5 Guided Reading Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesCHAPTER 5: COLONIA L SOCIETY ON THE EVE OF REVOLUTION: 1700-1775 Conquest by the Cradle Know: Thirteen Original Colonies 1. What was the significance of the tremendous growth of population in Britains North American colonies? Britain had an advantage over America with their population in 1700. If Americans wanted to revolt, Britain would outnumber them 25 to 1. 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In our primary text, it describes around the late 17th century the British Government established a board to govern the trade of the kingdom. Its purpose was to manage the colonies andRead MoreThe Survival Of Indigenous Visual Cultures1379 Words   |  6 Pagescultures. Each essay provided for analysis interprets the conquest of the Americas differently and connects it to Colonial Mexico artistic production at various degrees. Each essay also advocates for its own term that can be used to represent the process of Spanish and Indigenous art forms coming together in a complex cultural context. Kubler advocates for the term, folk art to describe colonial art because it is art production that is devoid of its past meaning. His views on conquest explicitly claim

Organizational Change and Development for Tourism - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Change and Development for Tourism. Answer: Introduction Organizational Change and Development Organisational change and development is the study of introducing changes and interventions in the workplace in order to improve work processes and operations. By introducing changes in the workplace, the subject aims at enhancing workplace performance to achieve a higher competitive position in the market (Martins Zedeck, 2011). The evolution of global market and globalisation has made the business world highly complex and competitive. Business organisations are now operating competing with each other on a global scale. Business organisations have become vulnerable to multiple internal and external environment factors that can change within real time. As a result, business organisations are facing a critical market situation and are required to undergo changes to cope up with the changing market factors and competitors. Company Background The Last Resort is a 4-5-star integrated hospitality and tourism resort that is located in regional Tasmania. The hotel was initially a wildlife part and slowly made progress from its initial stage and now offer luxury accommodation and a range of tourist activities to its guests, such as walking tours, game fishing and a golf course. The Hotel has around 25 5 star rooms, 15 4 start chalet styled units and 80 4 star units. The amenities included in the hotel premises are conference halls, 3 restaurants, bars, gyms, pool, spa, golf shop, small marina and wild life tours. The hotel experienced a diverse range of guests who stay in the hotel for different purposes. The hotel is becoming highly popular amongst the residents of North-Asia and India and the management is also planning to become a premier tourist destination within the next 5-7 years. The hotel has also been experiencing certain issues related with the management of its human resources and the responsibility that it has towards the stakeholders. The Hotel has recently received some negative views on one of the leading travel websites and has been criticised for its recruitment processes. The hotel is also facing a steep decline in the number of customers who make a return visit and even the location is losing its credibility as a tourist attraction. To improve the services of the hotel, the management is also deciding to construct a helipad and a landing strip, which is also being opposed by the authorities. Further, the Hotel is also experiencing some internal issues as the employee turnover ratio is increasing the the level of cooperation between departments is reducing. There ar e a number of opportunities coming up in the near future for the hotel and the general manager of the hotel is eager to start expanding the hotel business. As a result, the general manager of the hotel has asked the human resource manager to design an action plan that will help in implementing changes in the workplace. Threats, Opportunities and Change Management Models There are a number of threats and opportunities that the hotel is facing as of now. If the hotel management is able to make use of those opportunities and deal with the threats, it is highly possible that the hotel will achieve its objective of becoming a premier tourist destination. The issues and opportunities that the hotel is facing and can make use of them by implementing a change program are discussed below; Opportunities: First of all, there is a great opportunity for the hotel to establish itself as a honeymoon destination and attract tourists from North-Asia and India. Secondly, the hotel has become a major destination for hosting wedding events for the localities and the management can develop on this opportunity to increase its competencies. Threats: To some extent, the threats to The Last Resort are far greater than the opportunities. Firstly, there are new market entrants who are offering new and unique services, which is grabbing the market share of The Last Resort. Secondly, the Hotel is facing a major challenge in training and developing its staff so that they could provide exceptional services to the guests. Thirdly, the hotel has received some negative reviews on one of the leading trip advisor websites. Fourthly, the hotel is facing a legal issue as it is not offering employment to the localities and is rather hiring employees from outside the city. Lastly, the workplace environment of the Hotel is suffering too. The turnover rates are increasing and the competition between departments is decreasing. There is unrest in the workplace because of rumours. From the above information, it is clear that the hotel management needs to quickly create an urgency and introduce changes because the threats to its business are more than the opportunities. A major area where the management needs to introduce change is the management of its human resources. The management needs to start designing and implementing training and development programs, along with a performance management system to minimise the impact of threats and to increase the chances of opportunities. To implement this change, the management of the hotel can choose between two highly decorated change management models i.e. Kurt Lewins 3-stage model of change or Kotters change management theory (Anastasia, 2015). Change Strategy The change models identified above are two of the most widely used change management programs throughout the world and have great reliability and validity. A justification of the change management models chosen for this particular case is given below: Kurt Lewins Change model Kurt Lewin, one of the pioneers of the subject, proposed a very efficient theory of implementing change in an organisation. In Kurt Lewins theory, there are three different stages i.e. unfreeze, change and refreeze. As the issues that the Last Resort is facing are merely related with the management of the human resources, the model proposed by Kurt Lewin will help in addressing all the issues in the best possible way. In the first stage or in the unfreeze stage, the management of the hotel will be able to establish an urgency in the workplace and communicate with the employees that a change in the operations or some practices is required. In the initial stage, there will always be greater unrest and confusion. The management can share important information with the employees that will help in clearing their doubts, such as reasons for change, benefits of change, drivers of change, change objectives, etc. Using this model, it will become easier for the management to communicate with the employees and involve them in the change program right from the beginning (Cummings Worley, 2014). Once the management feels that it has established an effective communication channel, it can then move on to the second stage or the unfreeze stage. By dealing with most of the initial resistance in the first stage, proceeding to the second stage will act as a planned approach as the employees will then be ready to accept changes. In this stage, the management will be able to foster changes by making a transition from old work practices to new work practices (Morrison, 2014). In the last stage or the refreeze stage, the management will be able to foster positive behaviour amongst the employees who have accepted the change by recognizing and rewarding them. Recognizing and awarding the employees who have accepted the change will help in motivating them as well as the others and it would become easier to implement the change (SMITH, 2013). The model proposed by Kurt Lewin is one of the simplest model for management of a change program and can greatly increase the chances of success. It will help the hotel management in dealing with resistance that the employees might offer and preparing them for future changes too (Hussain, et al., 2016). Kotters change management theory Kotters change management theory is another popular and widely used change management theory throughout the world. The developer of the theory, John P. Kotter, was a professor at the Harvard Business School and proposed eight stages in his theory that can be used to manage a change program (Burnes Cooke, 2012). The eight stages in his theory are listed below: Increase urgency Build a guiding team Form a strategic vision Communicate Deal with the barriers Focus on short term goals Sustain acceleration Incorporate change (Kotter International, n.d.) Many experts believe that the two models i.e. the model given by Kotter and the model given by Kurt Lewin, are similar to each other to a certain extent. Kotter divided his change management plan whereas Kurt Lewin proposed three stages for managing change. The model proposed by Kotter is yet another model that will greatly help the hotel management in implementing the changes that it wants. Using this model, it will become easier for the Hotel to prepare the workforce for a change and to engage them in the change management plan. Further, the hotel management will also be able to create teams and change agents to increase the chances of success and to propagate the change effectively (Velopi, 2015). The model also focuses on the important of celebrating short term achievements which can greatly help in motivating the employees (Riche, n.d.). Barriers to Change Management A change management plan can be a night mare for any business organisation, no matter how competent its human resource managers are. Change management plans often fail because of a number of issues but one of the greatest issues resulting in the failure is the resistance to change offered by the employees due to multiple reasons. Even in the case of the Last Resort, the chances of resistance to change management are high and there can be certain barriers to change management too. First of all, the ability of the human resource management of the hotel to design efficient human resource management functions is one of the biggest barriers to the change program. It is important for the management to design human resource practices, such as a new performance management system, training and development programs and recruitment and selection programs in such a way that they can foster a positivity in the workplace. A failure of the management to design efficient human resource management practice can act as a barrier to the change management program. Secondly, a failure of the management to involve the employees in the change management program will act as another barrier to the change management program. It is important for the management to engage the employees using various strategies so that they can also make some contributions in the change management program and can help in strengthening the change ideas. In case the management fails to involve them, they will feel left out and will create panic in the mind of the others too. The feeling of being left out and panic will grow into resistance and will act as a barrier to the change management program (Smith, 2015). Thirdly, improper communication will also act as a barrier to the change management program. Establishing a strong communication channel and keeping the employees informed about the details of the change program helps in building trust and preventing the employees from becoming insecure. If the communication is not proper, the employees can start to feel insecure and there can be origination of rumours in the workplace, which will ultimately lead to resistance and will act as a solid barrier to the change management program. Lastly, the organisation also needs to ensure that it does not ends up complicating the change management program. As such, the workforce is not prepared for a change and the organisation should take its time to prepare the workforce. The management should introduce workplace changes in a systematic manner rather than introducing all of them at once. In case all the change programs are implemented at once, the management might end up complicating the situation and the complexity of the change management program will act as a barrier to the change management program (Mar, 2013). Ethical Issues in Strategic Change Implementation The external and internal factors that are forcing the business organisations in introducing changes to such an extent that the management of business organisations can sometimes forget the ethical role and the corporate social responsibility that they have to play towards the stakeholders. There are certain ethical issues that can emerge during the implementation of a change program. These issues are discussed below: First of all, it is important for the management to fulfil an ethical obligation towards the employees while designing and implementing a change program. As a business, it is important for the management to ensure job security and economic well-being for the employees while planning and implementing change programs so that their personal lives are not affected by the change (Lewis, n.d.). The Hotel will have to ensure that it provides adequate employment opportunities to the localities as its an important part of its corporate social responsibility and also deal with the redundant workforce in the best possible manner. Secondly, another major ethical issue that the hotel management might have to encounter while planning and implementing its change program is its decision related with the construction of a helipad and an airstrip. Airstrip and helipad will require a lot of land to be deforested as the hotel is setup in a wildlife area. Clearing forest land will be one of the most unethical decisions from a business point of view and will not just harm the reputation of the Hotel but can also get the hotel into legal troubles. Conclusion The increasing competition in the market and the inefficiencies in the internal operations and management practices of the hotel is posing a great threat to its market position. The hotel might not be able to continue on its path of success and achieve its objective of becoming a premier tourist destination if the situation is not carefully dealt with. As a result, the management of the hotel should start designing a change management program using one of the change management model discussed above. To increase the chances of success of the change management program, the management should try to deal with the root causes of barriers to the change implementation and should also make sure that it acts ethically while designing and implementing its change program. Bibliography Martins, L. L. Zedeck, S., 2011. Organizational change and development. s.l.:American Psychological Association.Anastasia, 2015. Major Approaches Models of Change Management. [Online] Available at: https://www.cleverism.com/major-approaches-models-of-change-management/[Accessed 21 May 2017]. Cummings, T. G. Worley, C. G., 2014. Organization Development and Change. s.l.:Cengage learning. Morrison, M., 2014. Kurt Lewin change theory three step model unfreeze, change, freeze. [Online] Available at: https://rapidbi.com/kurt-lewin-three-step-change-theory/ [Accessed 21 May 2017]. SMITH, C., 2013. Kurt Lewin Change Management Model Overview. [Online] Available at: https://change.walkme.com/kurt-lewin-change-management-model-overview/[Accessed 21 May 2017]. Hussain, S. T. et al., 2016. Kurt Lewin's process model for organizational change: The role of leadership and employee involvement: A critical review. Journal of Innovation Knowledge, 11 October, 2017(May), p. 21. Kotter International, n.d. 8-STEP PROCESS. [Online] Available at: https://www.kotterinternational.com/8-steps-process-for-leading-change/[Accessed 21 May 2017]. Burnes, B. Cooke, B., 2012. Kurt Lewin's Field Theory: A Review and Re-evaluation. International Journal of Management Reviews, 5 September, 2017(May), p. 21. Velopi, 2015. Different Change Models. [Online] Available at: https://www.velopi.com/news/pmi-pmp-free-project-management-resource-Kotter [Accessed 21 May 2017]. Riche, R., n.d. USING KOTTERS 8-STEP ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE MODEL FOR SUCCESS. [Online] Available at: https://www.oneclearmessage.co.za/using-kotters-8-step-organisational-change-model/[Accessed 21 May 2017]. Smith, C., 2015. 5 Barriers to Change Management and How to Easily Overcome Them. [Online] Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/5-barriers-change-management-how-easily-overcome-them-smith[Accessed 21 May 2017]. Mar, A., 2013. 5 Barriers To Organizational Change. [Online] Available at: https://management.simplicable.com/management/new/5-barriers-to-organizational-change [Accessed 21 May 2017]. Lewis, J., n.d. The Role of Ethics Responsibilities in Leading Innovation Change. [Online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/role-ethics-responsibilities-leading-innovation-change-38298.html[Accessed 21 May 2017].

Pesticides And Their Harmful Affects Essays - Biocides,

Pesticides And Their Harmful Affects There are many important issues in the world regarding the environment and it's affects on the average person. Though, the one that hits closest to home, worldwide, is the trust that individuals have in the food that they consume. Yet pesticides are still found daily in foods all around the world. Pesticides are toxins that are used by produce growers universally to control pests that can destroy crops. These toxins are being ingested by humans in the forms of fruits and vegetables that have remaining toxins on them. How safe are these toxins to humans and what is being done to safeguard the environment as well as the health of individuals? Does the average person consume harmful amounts of poison at every meal? If the levels are unsafe, why is this problem continuing to get a blind eye from the people who are supposed to protect society? These questions when asked only lead to more questions. Until things are done to change the systems of pesticide usage universally, society can nev er be sure as to the long term effects on our environment and what they are eating or giving to the future of our world, the children. In some foreign countries pesticides are used more frequently with legislative control than in the United States. In Mexico and South America, for example, many of the pesticides that the United States and Europe have banned, wind up being used on a majority of their produce crops. The largest problem with this is that Europe and the United States import from South America for produce all of the time. What good does it do to ban harmful agricultural chemicals to be used on domestically grown crops if crops in other countries are grown with these same harmful chemicals, and are then allowed to be imported? Mexico and South America are the leading suppliers of produce for the earth's population because their climate is very conducive to year around crops. Unfortunately those countries are also known for their large amount of insects of all varieties. These insects are steadily becoming more and more immune to toxins that are sprayed on crops. More than five hundred insects, one hundred and fifty plant diseases and two hundred and seventy weeds are now resistant to pesticides. Results are that U.S. growers as well, are steadily forced to apply more and stronger toxins. As the amount and the strength of the toxin increases, the immunity of the targeted insects to these toxins also increases. Total U.S. crop losses from insect damage has nearly doubled since 1945. Insecticide use during this same time has increased tenfold. This war will go on being waged until the game plan is changed. The produce export trade in some cities and countries constitutes the majority of their economy and they will protect the resulting income at all costs. These places have very little legislation to control chemical usage, and follow up on almost none of i ts effects. Officials do not care how it affects consumers, being adults or children. Even their own agricultural worker's health is of no concern. These officials only care about producing crops and exporting them with as little overhead as possible. The bottom line is, always has been, and always will be money. In Villa Juarez, Mexico, many children who work in the produce fields are coming down with mysterious illnesses and some people in this region put the blame directly on those children's contact with the chemical acephate and other pesticides that are used in that area. The use of acephate is illegal in the United States, but is perfectly legal in Mexico. Doctors in Juarez are treating unusually high amounts of cancer and also fifty to eighty cases of chemical poisoning per week in their agricultural workers. This continues to happen because the government and the growers do not take these illnesses seriously; the workers are expendable. Growers in Culcan Valley, Mexico use chemicals to increase production of produce sold in the U.S. every winter. Unfortunately, studies that were preformed by the Government Accounting office in Mexico showed that at least six pesticides that are illegal in the U.S. were still on the produce when it was

The Efficacy of Spirituality Group

The Efficacy of Spirituality Group The research is focused on the efficacy of the spirituality group in chemical dependency treatment program. It has already been proven that religion and spirituality have positive impact on human mental health (Moritz et al, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Efficacy of Spirituality Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Being more powerful tool in the relation to motivating people to give up chemical substances consumption, spirituality is considered to be more effective as in this case personal convictions are taken into account, not those one which are established by the society. Individualized treatment has always been considered as the most effective one (Walker, Cole Logan, 2008). The research shows that personal motivation is an effective tool to prevent people from relapses in the future (Simpson Joe, 1993). Moreover, the spirituality is going to reduce the length of treatment (Knight et a l. 2000) and cognitive engagement (Broome, Simpson, Joe 1999) in comparison with other methods used for treating chemically abused patients. We also expect that the difference between those who are treated by means of spirituality and by means of traditional methods is going to be significant. The main value of the research is that the hypotheses have been supported. It shows that chemical dependency treatment program has an opportunity to use the spirituality method for treatment. The better results are going to be considered as well as help 60% of Americans who consume illicit drugs (Doweiko, 2009). It is crucial to consider the consequences if the hypotheses had not been supported. If the hypotheses we offer were not supported, so another research should be conducted in the sphere of chemical dependency treatment programs. This would mean that we had managed to do much and had eliminated one possibility from the list. The effectiveness of those will be raised. Moreover, the prac tical use of this method will lead to creation of many different methods which may be used for treating chemically addicted people. The evaluation of each of those would help us create a perfect methodology for using in practice.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The findings of our research support the results obtained from the research conducted by such scientists as Broome, Simpson Joe (1999), Knight et al. (2000), and Simpson Joe (1993). Moreover, our findings can be used for further research in the sphere of treating chemically addicted people. In conclusion, spirituality method for treating chemically addicted people is considered to be the most effective in a number of reasons. First, spirituality motivates people to cure for chemical addiction. Second, spirituality is a powerful motivation and as a result more effective as people are motivated not by the st andards created in the society but by means of the personal considerations which affect people in high strength. The results obtained while the research may be used for creating a chemical dependency treatment program. There may be created a lot of methodologies on the basis of the fact that spirituality is considered to be the most effective method for treating chemically addicted people. Moreover, a research may be conducted devoted to the power of influence of spirituality and motivation on people in different age. This may help identify the age when treatment is the most effective. Reference List Broome, K. M., Simpson, D. D., Joe, G. W. (1999). Patient and program attributes related to treatment process indicators in DATOS. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 57 (2), 127-135. Doweiko, H. E. (2009). Concepts of chemical dependency. Belmont, CA: Brookes/Cole Cengage Learning. Knight, C. H., Fitzpatrick, J. L., Logue, D. N., Platt, D. J. (2000). Efficacy of two non-antibiotic therapies and topical liniment, against bovine staphylococcal mastitis. Vet Rec, 146 (11), 311-316.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Efficacy of Spirituality Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moritz, S., Quan, H., Rickhi, B., Liu, M., Angen, M., Vintila, R., Sawa, R., Soriana, J., Toews, J. (2006). A home-study based spirituality education program decreases emotional distress and increases quality of life – a randomized, controlled study. Alternative Therapies, 12 (6), 26-35. Simpson, D. D., Joe, G. W. (1993). Motivation as a predictor of early dropout from drug abuse treatment. Psychotherapy, 30 (2), 357-368. Walker, R., Cole, J., Logan, T. K. (2008). Identifying client-level indicators of recovery among dui, criminal justice, and non-criminal justice referral. Substance Use Misuse, 43, 1785-1801.

Private School Teacher Recommendations

Private School Teacher Recommendations Teacher recommendations are an important part of the  private school admissions process. These assessments schools to hear from your teachers, the people who know you best in the classroom environment, in order to get a better idea of what you’re like as a student. The idea of asking a teacher to complete a recommendation may be intimidating to some, but with a little preparation, this part of the process should be a breeze. Here are some common questions, along with the information you need to prepare your recommendations:   How many teacher recommendations do I need? Most private schools will require three recommendations as part of the admission process, even if you complete one of the standard applications. Typically, one recommendation will be directed to your schools principal, head of school, or guidance counselor. The other two recommendations  are to be completed by your English and math teachers. Some schools will require additional recommendations, like science or a personal recommendation. If youre applying to a specialty school, like an art school or a sports-focused school, you may also be asked to have an art teacher or coach complete a recommendation. The admission office will have all of the details you need to ensure that you complete all the requirements.   What is a personal recommendation? A great characteristic of private school is that your experience goes beyond the classroom. From arts and athletics to living on dorm and being involved in the community, who you are as a person is just as important as who you are as a student. Teacher recommendations showcase your academic strengths and areas in need of improvement, as well as your personal learning style, while personal recommendations cover life beyond the classroom and share more information about you as an individual, a friend and a citizen. Remember that not every school requires these, so dont be concerned if its not an option when you apply.   Should my teachers complete my personal recommendations, too? Personal recommendations should be completed  by an adult who knows you well. You can ask another teacher (not the same teachers completing the academic recommendations), a coach, an advisor, or even a friend’s parent. The goal of these recommendations is to have someone who knows you on a personal level speak on your behalf. Perhaps you’re looking to play in a  private school athletics  program, have a strong passion for  art, or are regularly involved in community service activities. Personal recommendations can tell the admission committee more about these endeavors. In these cases, its a good idea to pick either a coach, art teacher, or volunteer supervisor to complete the personal recommendation. Personal recommendations can also be used to share information about areas in which you need personal growth, which isn’t a bad thing. We all have areas of our lives to improve, whether it’s your ability to get places on time, a need to not overcommit yourself to activities or the ability to keep your room clean that you need to work on, private  school  is the perfect environment in which to grow and gain a greater sense of maturity and responsibility. How do I ask my teacher or coach to complete a recommendation? Some students can get nervous when it comes to asking for a recommendation, but if you take the time to explain to your teachers why you’re  applying to private school,  your teachers will most likely be supportive of your new educational endeavor. The key is to ask nicely, make it easy for your teacher to complete the application (guide them through the process) and give your teachers plenty of advance notice and a set deadline to submit. If the school has a paper form to complete, be sure to print it out for your teacher and provide them with an addressed and stamped envelope to make it easier for them to return it to school. If the application is to be completed online, send your teachers an email with a direct link to access the recommendation form and, again, remind them of a deadline. It’s always nice to follow up with a thank-you note once they have completed the application.   What if my teacher doesnt know me well or doesnt like me? Can I ask my teacher from last year instead? The school to which you’re applying needs a recommendation from your current teacher, regardless of how well you think he or she knows you, or if you think they like you. The goal is for them to understand your mastery of the materials being taught this year, not what you learned last year or five years ago. If you have concerns, keep in mind that some schools will give you the option to submit personal recommendations, and you can ask another teacher to complete one of those. If you are still concerned, talk to the admission office at the school youre applying to in order to see what they recommend. Sometimes, they will let you submit two recommendations: one from this years teacher and one from last years teacher.   What if my teacher is late submitting the recommendation? This one is easy to answer: Don’t let this happen. As the applicant, it’s your responsibility to give your teacher plenty of notice, a friendly reminder of deadlines and to check in to see how its going and if they have completed it. Don’t pester them constantly, but definitely don’t wait until the day before the recommendation is due. When you ask your teacher to complete the recommendation, make sure they clearly know the deadline, and ask them to let you know when it’s done. If you haven’t heard from them and the deadline is approaching, about two weeks before it’s due, do another check in. Most schools today also have online portals where you can track the progress of your application, and you can see when your teachers and/or coaches have submitted their recommendations.   If your teacher recommendations are late, make sure you immediately contact the school to see if theres still time to submit. Some private schools are strict with deadlines and will not accept application materials after the deadline, while others will be more lenient, especially when it comes to teacher recommendations.   Can I read my recommendations? Most simply put, no. One reason why you have to work closely with your teachers to ensure they submit the recommendations on time is that teacher recommendations and personal recommendations are all typically confidential. That means, the teachers need to submit them themselves, and not give them to you to return. Some school even require recommendations to come from the teachers in a sealed and signed envelope or via a private online link in order to make sure the confidentiality of it is preserved. The goal is for the teacher to give a full and honest review of you as a student, including your strengths and areas in need of improvement. Schools want a true picture of your abilities and behavior, and your teachers honesty will help the admission team decide if you are a good fit for their  academic program, and in turn, if their academic program will meet your needs as a student. If teachers think youre going to read the recommendations, they might withhold important information that could help the admission committee better understand you as a scholar and a member of your community. And keep in mind that the areas in which you need to improve are things that the admission team expects to learn about you. No one has mastered every aspect of every subject, and there’s always room to improve. Should I submit more recommendations than requested? No. Plain and simple, no. Many applicants mistakenly think that stacking their applications with dozens of really strong personal recommendations and extra subject recommendations from past teachers is the best way to go. However, your admission officers don’t want to wade through dozens of pages of recommendations, especially not ones from teachers in elementary school when youre applying to high school (believe it or not, that happens!). Stick with the required recommendations from your current teachers, and if requested, choose the one or two individuals who best know you for your personal recommendations, and stop there.

Persepolis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Persepolis - Essay Example Her description of a significant event from Iran history, the movie theater burning, and the way it is done will help to understand her attempt to full extent. (Satrapi, 2002). The book of Satrapi is peculiar from the point of view of the way of the events description. They are depicted on the illustrations which are accompanied by short but sharp comments, like â€Å"The Shah said that a group of religious fanatics perpetrated the massacre.† (Satrapi, 2002, 15), which is, similarly, an attempt to simplify the description. â€Å"Simplification develops more than just the accentuated written messages†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Nolan, 2010, 3). The pictures about the Rex Cinema fire contain the images of a burning building of the theater and the metaphorical depiction of the victims of the fire who were burnt inside. Keira Nolan also states that â€Å"†¦a simplified art style works best, as it amplifies only the primary features of the text, unlike realism which would be far more focused on social details.†, which means that Satrapi focuses primarily on terrible consequences of the tragedy. (Nolan, 2010, 1). This way the author instigates the readerà ¢â‚¬â„¢s thinking on both the reason and the party which caused this terrible fire. Satrapi also pays attention that the firemen arrived too late, â€Å"†¦forty minutes later†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and this is also a point of significant concern. (Satrapi, 2002, 15). The mentioned event is also described from historical perspective. The historians, the date and the death toll aside, also pay attention to the versions of the deadly fire, which are, obviously, opposite and are similarly to have been elaborated to defend each of the blamed parties. The official government which ruled Iran those days blamed the protesters and the militants, whereas the latter counter-attacked such accusations by their aiming at SAVAK, the state structure close to Shah.

How to use modern technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How to use modern technology - Essay Example These young minds must therefore, be educated through events or activities on the benefits of modern technology. Consequently children equipped with knowledge on modern technology will provide a stable future for the country. Use of technology is central to the philosophy of developing a system equipped for the future and, to that end all children must have access to tools that form part of the fabric of their everyday lives. Technology is a tool, not a subject (Verma 78). Digital cameras have dramatically changed the way we take photographs. By suing cameras during the modern technology week fair children will be able to take photographs and later write projects and add pictures into them. In the process off this activity students get to know more about their community its surroundings and local people. In addition to this, they will also be gaining knowledge about modern technology as they handle the digital camera. In the event, a multicultural activity may be used to teach childr en about their community and also the use of modern technology. Multicultural education includes teaching children about their own culture and their ethnic heritage. It means exposing children to other diverse culture and helping them be comfortable with and respect all the ways in which people appear different to each other. This may be achieved by teaching the children how to relate to one another and how to play fairly. This encourages children to notice and think about fairness and challenges them to do something about the unfairness towards people they perceive in their world. Through activities like photography and use of other modern technological equipment children will get to intermingle with other people in society who come from different ethnic groups. This will help create a rapport as kids share the equipment and also put in efforts to attain set objectives of the modern technological event (Verma 78). Another activity in the modern technology fair includes the designin g of a community library. Emerging multi-ethnic populations in many communities and the increasingly urgently need for literacy and information technology skills call for a change in the design of library buildings(Verma 75).Libraries could become key communication centers, for mobile populations and their design will need to reflect the different levels and layers of entry or different temporal zones. Young people in this event get actively involved in the design of the service that would benefit hem in future. Through voicing their ideas by drawing or art or photography or in question and answer segment in the event, valuable information will be acquired of how to run a community library. Movies and short films may be aired in the event. During the event short films may be aired to be viewed by the children. Short films and movies offer the most visual and engaging learning tool for today’s children. This technology enhances the curriculum children are taught at school. On the spot, teachers can show video clips about almost any topic mainly those relating to the

Legal Brief Essay Example for Free

Legal Brief Essay Case name, citation, and court: Ashley County, Arkansas v. Pfizer, Inc, 552 F.3d 659 (8th Cir. 2009) Summary of Key Facts: An ingredient widely used in Pfizer’s products is a necessary ingredient in the manufacturing of methamphetamine in small toxic labs which are responsible for dangerous explosions, burns, and toxic fumes. Arkansas has one of the largest numbers of small toxic labs in the US and is burdened with high costs of fighting the meth epidemic and is seeking to recoup some of the funds that the counties of Arkansas have spent. The Issue: Is Pfizer ethically responsible for assisting in the funding of fighting the meth epidemic? The Holding: Since Pfizer is a major manufacturer of products containing necessary ingredients used in illegal meth labs and the counties of Arkansas has been so heavily financially burdened by these labs, the damages are obvious. The counties have suffered financial loss from battling a drug that could not be made without the ingredients in Pfizer’s products. Because of these damages and Pfizer’s role in the supply of ingredients to drug labs, it is the responsibility of Pfizer to either, repay the counties and finance the future costs of fighting the meth epidemic or find alternative ingredients to use in their products that cannot be used in the manufacture of meth. Summary of Your Reasoning: It is the corporate responsibility of Pfizer to assist in funding the counties’ operations battling meth. Under a corporate citizenship view, Pfizer is responsible for contributing to the solution of the social problem that their products create. Meth is an epidemic rapidly sweeping the nation and it is the responsibility of anyone, or company, with any tie to the drug at all, to contribute to the solution, the same amount that they contribute to the problem.

The Caucasian Chalk Circle Essay -- English Literature

The Caucasian Chalk Circle - Plot Notes. Scene 1 Representatives from two kolchos villages meet to decide who should have control of a valley that was taken from the Galinsk kolchos by the Rosa Luxemburg kolchos during the war. They argue it out and finally agree on a proposal from the agronomist in favour of the Rosa Luxemburg keeping the valley as they could put it to better use. A singer is invited to perform a story to help them with their problem. This is called "The Chalk Circle" and starts in scene two. Scene 2 The singer introduces the governor, Georgi Abashvili and his family and entourage. We also meet Prince Kazbeki outside the church. Everyone goes into the church. When they return Prince Kazbeki has set up an ambush to capture the governor who is killed. The governor's wife runs away leaving behind her son. In the mean time we meet Grusha Vachnadze, a kitchen maid, and Simon Chachava, a soldier of the palace guard. Simon proposes to Grusha, who accepts, and but he then has to leave with the governors wife to protect her. Grusha sees that the child, Michael Abashvili, has been left behind, and, against her better judgement, takes him away with her to protect him. Scene 3 The singer tells us that Grusha is heading to the northern mountains with the child. She tries to buy her way onto a caravansary with two rich ladies by pretending to be rich herself, but the gives herself away by making up some beds. She is forced to run away to avoid the police. The singer tells us that Grusha is being followed by the Prince's Ironshirts. The Ironshirts are loud and crude, particularly the corporal. Grusha leaves Michael on the doorstep of a peasant woman's house. The peasant woma... ...ds before he was killed. Halfway through the trial Azdak loses interest and sees an old couple who want to divorce. Before he signs their divorce papers he goes back to Grusha's trial. He uses the test of the chalk circle, which involves standing the child in the middle of a circle and each woman trying to pull him out. Grusha lets go, the trial is repeated and she lets go again crying that she doesn't want to hurt him. Azdak gives Michael to Grusha and sends Natella away, declaring that her money will go to build a park for the children. Azdak signs a divorce for Grusha and her husband instead of the old couple and then steps down from his position as judge. Simon agrees to stay with Grusha and Michael and Azdak disappears. The singer declares that the moral of the story is that everything should go to those that are good for them.Document1

Walmart Profile

Organizational Profile: Wal-Mart Wal-Mart is the largest retailer in the world. The position Wal-Mart holds gives the company a large responsibility to contribute to the community that supports the stores. As an organization Wal-Mart owes its success to the stake holders of their business. Wal-Mart requires the community to continue business operations, Trevino and Nelson state that â€Å"a major stakeholder in business must be the communities of which corporations and other organizations are a part† (2011). Wal-Mart must consider the community happiness with their business decisions to remain profitable.Wal-Mart gives back to the community in several ways including donations to charitable foundations and by offering affordable grocery good to impoverished areas. According to Feedingamerica. org Wal-Mart gave â€Å"$2 million donation to help food banks save money on their energy bills† (2011). The donation allowed 16 food banks to improve their efficiency and provide m ore services to the community for the same amount of funding. Wal-Mart has also received the â€Å"MOWAA Corporate Friend of the Year† (Meals on Wheels Association, 2012) award for its donation to the organization. Wal-Mart has proven that it contributes to the communities it supports.The contributions, when compared to Wal-Marts yearly profit, of â€Å"$16,389 million in FY2011† (Datamonitor, 2011, p. 4) seem miniscule. The true test of adequacy of Wal-Marts contribution to the communities it operates in will be if it can remain in business for the long term. According to â€Å"Paymar Communications†, â€Å"Wal-Mart also has been going through a major transformation and committing itself to progressive policies in the realm of corporate social responsibility, particularly when it comes to the products it sells and major efforts to promote energy conservation† (2010, paragraph two).Wal-Mart, as the biggest retail store in the United Sates, has a social re sponsibility to provide quality products to the customers. In 2010, the company took the initiative to reduce unhealthy levels of salts, fats, and sugars in their products. They also decreased the prices of healthy foods to encourage customer to purchase them. Wal-Mart also developed a seal to place on healthier foods with nutrition information rating the levels of sodium, fat, and sugar content (â€Å"Paymar Communications†, 2010). The leading factor in Wal-Mart taking this initiative was to reach customers with an interest in a healthy lifestyle.With obesity on the rise across the nation people are becoming more conscious about what they eat and offering healthier foods, organic products, and enhanced labels on the foods will give the customer more options to choose from within the store. By reducing the prices of these healthy products Wal-Mart can increase their customer base, specifically those with an interest in a pursuing a healthy life style. Additionally this will e nsure Wal-Mart is leading their competition and could be the benchmark for such companies as Target, K-Mart, Sears, and Costco.The factors influencing the organizations strategies are contingent on the need, not only of the customers, but also Wal-Mart’s increase in sales and profitability. Wal-Mart wants to ensure they not only have healthy customers but also that the organization will garner major gains in sales from these changes. The â€Å"Paymar Communications† (2010) website also states that through forging these initiatives, Wal-Mart has figured out a formula to be a good corporate citizen, give consumers superior bargains and still make tons of money; $14. billion in profits in 2009. It is the consummate win-win-win for the organization and customers alike. Wal-Mart’s social initiative is to help stop hunger in the communities in which it operates. Also Wal-Mart is providing healthful products to gain health-conscious customers and to help their customer s maintain a healthy lifestyle at a low cost. References DATAMONITOR: Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (2011). Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 1-13. Paymar Communications. (2010). Retrieved from http://paymarcommunications. om/the-united- states-of-wal-mart-and-corporate-social-responsibility/ Trevino, L. K. , & Nelson, K. A. (2011). MANAGING BUSINESS ETHICS Straight Talk About How To Do It Right (5th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Walmart Foundation Gives $2 Million to Help ‘Green' Food Banks. (2011). Retrieved from http://feedingamerica. org/press-room/press-releases/walmart-green-initiative-2011. aspx We Are Meals On Wheels Association of America. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. mowaa. org/Page. aspx? pid=600

Differences in Socioeconomic Status

Three social factors that most impact the scenario are social stratification, socioeconomic status, and class differences. Social stratification ranks individuals and families on the basis of their income, education, occupation, wealth, and power in society. This social stratification can be seem in the eighth grade boys that showed up at the Valentine’s Day dance with the rented tuxes that their parents had agreed to and paid for. These parents are mentioned to be among the more affluent in the community. Socioeconomic status is determined by a family’s income and wealth. This is demonstrated in the students that did not have the money to rent the tuxedos and the rumored limo. These students being from a different socioeconomic background and could not afford the expensive attire. Class differences are demonstrated because of some students wanting to boycott the dance because they were told only the nerds and the geeks would show up in anything less of a tux or formal dress. Their parents do not have extra money to spend on such elaborate things. The other students express behaviors and dress standards far from what the school has seen before. A variable solution to the Differences in Socioeconomic Status scenario would be for the school administration to intervene the situation. They could decide to make it mandatory that only a certain type of dress will be considered acceptable for the Valentine’s Day dance. They could change it to where all students would be able to afford the required attire. This way all students would feel equal. Also the kids that wanted to rent the limo would probably change their mind because of it not being such a formal event. It would seem sort of silly to rent a limo for a casual Valentine’s Day dance. This issue of what attire should be addressed in a school assembly to let all students know of the dress code for the dance. This way it will not be such an issue in the years to come afterwards. Students will already know what to expect and be prepared for it.

The Rise of Technology in the Two Decades

The Rise of Technology in the Two Decades Free Online Research Papers The contexts of teaching have changed since the last century. The classroom has evolved from the humble one room schoolhouse to a virtual classroom. With this enormous change come changes in the role of the teacher. What we have seen is the phenomenal rise of technology in the two decades; it has taken place against a complex backdrop of cultural and social change, advances in technology and shifts in educational theory and practice. We see new tensions, new requirements, new pressures and changes in the environment socially, economical and technological, this has led to modified teaching jobs. In my experiences students have become more difficult, less motivated, more requiring, more inclined to defend their rights than to fulfill their duty. The administration or the educational authorities are making more pressure for greater accountability. Bodies such as the Adult Learning Inspectorate (FE) and the Quality Assurance Agency (HE) oversee standards and assessments, and incorporate both inclusive learning and teaching strategies, and effective use of information and learning technologies (ILT), within their remit. There it seems less and less social recognition of the teaching job†¦ The question is are teachers prepared for these changes and pressures? The traditional picture I have of the teacher as the â€Å"Master of the knowledge† with an institutional power is disappearing. What we see now is a new style of teachers: leadership style seems more appropriate to respond to those challenges. This implies new competencies: the emotional competencies. Those ch anges remind us that the teaching act is not only a cognitive action but also and first a social and affective action where emotions interfere in the class and work atmosphere. Education, along with all public services in the UK, also faces calls for greater accountability, Accountability that in essence is a positive and productive step but in the larger frame of things damages the profession as ones actions stereotype the whole profession and not to mention taint it. Different educational disciplines enjoy various learning styles, delivery techniques, Resources and Support. Flexible Learning requires support but no teaching, Distance learning requires Resources and support but not 100% teaching, Practical Professions like medicine and accountancy require Teaching as well practical learning opportunities. What the article is stressing time and time again is that there is no denying that the future and existence of HE and teaching is intertwined and that there is no substitute to the teacher in such learning environments all other supporting profession and resources and technologies are important and have their place but the human presence in HE shows no sign of diminishing no matter how strong, professional, research proven, quality focused the proposal may be. On the contrary there is a greater need for experienced and Un-experienced practitioners to be trained on a standardized platform which may be beneficial to them and to the institution as sometimes a change process may be required to benefit institutional needs and enhance sustainability. Another issue which forces Education establishments to focus on is the volume of service it has to provide and commit to as each year the no of applications in HE are increasing. This leads to the subject of cost to be discussed, to counter this the role of a teacher is carried out by supporting professionals through personalized teaching. The cost of specialist teachers personalized delivery compared to a supporting professionals cost is tremendously higher hence more and more supporting teachers roles are being created to counter and keep under control the ballooning cost. Another theory for all parties involved is that the word â€Å"Teacher† is over emphasised, the important thing is that â€Å"is effective learning being accomplished† because that is the main issue here and Priority. As described from different points of view but the statement remains the same that Education, teaching, delivery, core competencies, Resources and practice are evolving, with the introduction and expansion of the e-learning components and supporting teacher roles in all professions the road to the future is a very uncertain one. Conclusion The changes which have taken place in recent years and which continue to shape the educational landscape of the UK Higher Education sector pose many new challenges for teaching staff. Nonetheless, perhaps because of rather than in spite of these challenges, it is evident that there are unique opportunities for the enhancement of teaching and learning in the higher education sector. The current emphasis on student-centred teaching, on promoting inclusion, and developing criticality all contribute towards improving the student experience and towards maximising learning potential. It is anticipated that the present trend towards collaborative learning which emphasizes key skills (such as ICT, communication and numeracy) will hopefully address a concern expressed by employers for many years by ensuring that graduates are better-prepared for the workplace. In conclusion I would state that various changes would occur when a fundamental shift in education is required and hence the future we need to be careful of how we implement strategies and policies when in HE as it importance to any nation is Paramount. Research Papers on The Rise of Technology in the Two DecadesStandardized TestingThree Concepts of PsychodynamicOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Caroline Young Murdered Her Grandchildren for Revenge

Caroline Young Murdered Her Grandchildren for Revenge Carolina Young was a 51-year-old grandmother who was  convicted of murdering her two grandchildren. She received the death penalty. Young stabbed the children to death after learning that she had lost a custody battle with her grandsons father.   Young received custody of her two grandchildren because their mother, Vanessa Torres, was deemed unfit and was sent  to jail after she was convicted of being involved in drugs and prostitution. Torres testified that on June 18, 1993, the day of the murders, she saw blood on her mothers clothing and then found her son,  6-year-old son, Darrin Torres, lying on the bed dead with his throat cut. Carolina Young had stabbed herself in the abdomen at least a dozen times. When Torres picked up Darrin and then placed a call to the police department, Young took 4-year-old Dai-Zshia Torres into another room and stabbed and slashed at her until her to death. With the child dead beside her, Young repeatedly told her daughter that she no longer wanted to live. According to Torres, her mother Carolina Young, killed the children because she was angry that she had lost custody of the boy to his father. The father, Barrington Bruce,  a Marine recruiter from Virginia, did not know that he had a son until he was contacted by the state and told that he owed $12,000 in back child support. He then petitioned the court for custody of Darrin and received it. Bruce had arrived in the Bay Area on the same day as the murders. He was scheduled to pick up Darrin and bring him on a permanent basis to his home in Virginia. Young wrote a letter to her grandchildren and to their father on the day that she murdered them, saying in part,  I am a very unhappy spirit now on a rampage to get even with all that hurt me and mine, Young wrote to the boys father. Ill be back to show you how it feels to lose someone you really love . . . your daughter. Im coming back for her. Every baby your wife has I will come back and get.   Prosecutor Ken Burr said that before the children were murdered, Young told a friend,  I will kill the kids and take them with me to hell. Youngs lawyers argued that she should not be found guilty by reason of insanity and at the very most should be convicted of second-degree murder because the murders were not premeditated. The jury deliberated for just two and a half hours  before deciding that Young was guilty of first-degree murder and should receive the death penalty. Penalty Phase During the penalty phase of the trial,  Barrington Bruce  testified that when he learned that he had been granted custody of his son Darrin, that he felt like Christmas magnified by 10 but added that a dark cloud came over me when he found out that his son had been murdered. Youngs lawyer, Michael Berger, said that she committed the murders because she was mentally ill.   Berger told the judge, What sits before you is a sick woman and we have reached the point in the late 20th century where we dont execute sick people,   Vanessa Torres made a last-minute appeal for mercy in an effort to save her mothers life. Verdict Superior Court Judge Stanley Golde did not agree with Bergers assessment of Young, saying that her emotional problems had no effect on her ability to know what she was doing.  The judge then sentenced Young to death. In issuing the death sentence, the judge said Youngs conduct was totally repulsive to society and the killing of children is in effect the death of all society. Carolyn Young was the first woman ever given the death penalty in Alameda County, or so it is believed. On September 6, 2005, Young died of kidney failure at Central California Womens Facility in Chowchilla, California. Natural death is the most common way that death row inmates die in California. Since 1976, 13 men convicted of murder have been executed in California. The last woman executed in California was  Elizabeth Ann Duncan who was convicted of planning the murder of her daughter-in-law. Duncan was executed by the gas chamber in 1962.

The Life of King Tutankhamun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Life of King Tutankhamun - Essay Example Little is known of King Tut beyond his name, age, and the fact that he was a pharaoh king, but there is endless speculation surrounding him. Archaeologists have historically divided into opposing factions, each side failing to utilize hard evidence to support their claims for validity. There are differing opinions on his parentage, claim to the throne, religious beliefs, and most notably - the manner of his death. A careful examination of the clues and research leads to some, not all of the answers. On November 25, 1922 Howard Carter, Egyptologist and Lord Carnarvon accompanied by his daughter, Lady Evelyn Herbert were the first to glimpse into the tomb emblazoned with the name Nebkheprure-Tutankhamen3. After financing a long and expensive archeological dig, it certainly must have been with much relief that Lord Carnarvon breathed in the stale air of the most complete Pharaoh's tomb ever to be discovered. It was a ground-breaking discovery that owed much to the obscurity of King Tut's life. His tomb, once sealed was forgotten, placed beneath Ramses VI's tomb in an obscure corner of the Valley of the Kings4. At one time, workmen from the XX dynasty were housed in the shifting sands about King Tut's tomb5 proving that his existence was all but wiped away. Slightly more obscure than the location of his final resting p... At one time, workmen from the XX dynasty were housed in the shifting sands about King Tut's tomb5 proving that his existence was all but wiped away. Slightly more obscure than the location of his final resting place is the origin of Tutankhamen himself. The great uncertainties surrounding Tutankhamen are his obscure parentage and the manner of his death. His parentage is never clearly agreed upon because it is never clearly stated. King Tut's birth can be traced to the years between 34 and 35 of Amenophis III's reign6 and dating of the mummified remains assist in knowing how old King Tut was when he died7. This knowledge is useful in attempting to discover the identity of his parents. At the time of the reign of his predecessor Akhenaten, who was the leader of a great religious usurping records on the princes were not kept. Only the princesses were acknowledged in accordance with the beliefs of Aten, the chosen god of Akhenaten.8 This belief system in effect, clouds any written records that might have survived with Tutankhamen's treasure. Two artifacts did survive with his treasure, which serve as an obvious nudge in the correct direction of his parental lineage. "There was in the child king's tomb a small golden statuette showing Amenophis III crouching in the attitude of the solar child, as if to show his oneness with the son in whose flesh he would be reborn. This statuette, wrapped in linen and laid in a tiny coffin, was found beside a lock of Queen Tiye's hair touchingly enclosed like a mummy in its own little sarcophagus"9. Also, an alabaster pitcher with the couple's name is found elsewhere in the tomb along with various other artifacts from various members of the royal family who appear to be

Series Nip tuck Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Series Nip tuck - Essay Example In essence we all crave for perfection. It can be easily said that in the present world, where beauty is depicted by waif thin models , whose perfect figure, perfect features and perfect walk symbolise the very idea of womanhood/manhood , an average person's entire idea of self esteem and personal worth is based on how good he looks .If he or she doesn't look good then he runs the risk of facing rejections in getting employment, in personal relationships and in forging new contacts. Depression and low self-esteem can be only the tip of an iceberg of difficulties that unattractive people have to face. People with facial scars or burns have reported symptoms ranging from social withdrawal to body dimorphic, agoraphobia to anxiety, sleeping difficulties to suicidal impulses. It is becoming increasingly evident that being perceived as ugly can seriously detract from one's quality of life, while being attractive can bring a whole raft of benefits. It seems clear that beauty or the lack of it is no longer merely about aesthetics, but is now a health issue. Everyone dislikes some aspect about their own appearance, inc... ect about their own appearance, increasingly so when the outrageously beautiful are promoted as the norm in advertising, television, music and cinema. Some people are not satisfied with their small nose while others have complaints with their cheekbones, some people fret about the shape of their eyes while others would prefer their waist be a little thinner. The dislikes have become more intolerable bordering on almost a complete prejudice as with the latest advancement in medical science and particular cosmetic surgery , getting perfect cheekbones has become as easier as getting a cheese burger . It is this very idea and obsession about getting a perfect exterior that is portrayed and dramatically depicted in the series running on a famous American channel FX. The name of the series is nip /tuck .It is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American television medical drama series created by Ryan Murphy for FX Networks. It had the highest ratings as a new series on American basic cable, nominated eleven times for an Emmy and eight times for a Golden Globe and the reasons for its popularity is but obvious. It has become controversial and famous for addressing and exploring various taboo subjects . It is currently in its fifth season, and has aired seventy three episodes as of February 19, 2008. It is often Billed as "a disturbingly perfect drama ". The main characters of the series are the two cosmetic surgeons whose business is to make their customers have a perfect exterior as they run a cosmetic surgery Clinic under the name Troy/McNamara, where Troy and MacNamara are the respective surnames of the two surgeons.

Build a Model (Micro) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Build a Model (Micro) - Essay Example Therefore higher the percentage of students with disability, lower will be the API. API is highly dependent on the credential of the teachers. Higher the percentage of full time teachers in a school the better will be the API. In other words higher the dependence of a school on part time teachers, lower will be its API. In this model we want to visualize that how the parental education will affect the school performance. Ceteris Paribus, we see that Y = aX1 + z where z is a constant and a>0. If we want to plot this relation we have to measure average parent education on x axis measured in unit years and API being dependent variable on y axis. API is a unit free measure. The curve will be an upward sloping curve with a slope of dY/dX1 = a. Here we have done a cross sectional study with API of ten schools. API of year 2000 has been recorded and average parent education across various schools has been recorded. Now in this model we want to see how the API gets affected if we introduce a third variable say average class size. If the average class size increases, given the average parental education factor unchanged, then the API will fall and the curve will shift downwards. Due to increase in class size, given a fixed number of teachers, the teacher student ratio will fall leading to a poor academic growth of the students and lower API. The data and the diagram below show the effect. Here API 2000_revised is the API with new variable

Promotion And Development Of Rail Tourism India Tourism Essay

Promotion And Development Of Rail Tourism India Tourism Essay In India, Railways play a vital role in the socio-economic life of the country. Today, the number of domestic as well as international travelers is increasing with an increase in the disposable income of Indians. To support the increasing traffic of travelers even Indian Railways have come out with few plans over last 10-15 years. They are trying to build their tourism wing as well but still travelers are not aware of the various initiatives taken by Indian Railways. Indian Railways have a totally new wing to handle this i.e. Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC). The first objective of the project is to bring awareness by designing the marketing plan for them. This will be used all over the country to promote rail tourism. The other objective of the project is to find the feasibility of new route which they can venture into. This would require both financial and operational strategy. The final deliverable for the MRR would be a combination of both the strategies mentioned above for Indian Railways to showcase the marketing plan and advantages and risk for investing in the new routes. Objectives of the study The objective of this study is as follows: To study Indian Railways especially tourism hand of it. To study changing tourism pattern in India. To study current IRCTC tourism plan. To understand the demographics of tourist To recommend a marketing strategy for already present plans Finding new route which IRCTC could venture. To develop financial and operational plan for this new route. To recommend a plan for the implementation of above strategy. Hypothesis of the MRR In India, numbers of tourist are increasing every year due to increase in the disposable income. Railway has a tourism wing which tries to satisfy the need of these tourist but still general public is not much aware various initiatives taken. Tourist are still competing with the general traveler to get a seat in rail instead of opting for various other special offers provided by rail tourism. We have an opportunity to start new route and promote both old as well as new routes by formulating a marketing plan for this. Scope and Limitation Scope: This study would help in promoting rail tourism in India. Also this would help them to generate extra revenue by venturing into new routes. It would help to satisfy the current increasing demand for transportation by tourist. Limitation: MRR would choose certain region based on selected parameters to search for new routes and to start with the marketing plan for the same. This selection does not mean that IRCTC would be willing to share all the data for the project. MRR would only deal in highlighting and describing important benefits associated with start of new routes. It would not cover financial and operational details of it. The financial plan would require valuations of new strategy. Limitations in data might lead to valuations based on assumptions and model. However both time and resource did not permit venturing into a study of other Railway systems in detail except through what was available on Internet and locally available article on the subject. Chapter 2: Brief overview of global Tourism Industry Introduction Tourism is travel for various purposes like recreational, business, leisure or pleasure. World Tourism Organization headquartered at Madrid defines tourists as people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. In recent times tourism has been recognized as an important social and economic phenomenon. At the World Conference on Tourism held in Manila in 1980, the importance of tourism and its widespread effects were recognized in the Manila Declaration on World Tourism, which stated, Tourism is considered an activity essential to the life of nations because of its direct effects on the social, cultural, educational and economic sectors of national societies and on their international relations. There are three forms of Tourism as per United Nations as follows: Domestic Tourism When a resident is travelling in its own country. Inbound Tourism When Non-residents are travelling in the given country. Outbound Tourism When residents travels to another country. History In earlier times, rich uses to travel to distant parts of the world, to see great buildings, works of art,  learn new languages, and experience new cultures and to taste different  cuisines. The word  tourist  was used by 1772  and  tourism  by 1811.  In 1936, the  League of Nations defined  foreign tourist  as someone traveling abroad for at least twenty-four hours. United Nations in 1945 have amended this definition by including a maximum stay of six months. United Kingdom was the first country to promote leisure travel which was associated with Industrial Revolution due to increase in Industrial population. This comprise of new middle class at that time. This model was then replicated in France, Continental Europe, and south pacific Asia and slowly in other parts of world. Mass tourism was developed with the development of technology and infrastructure, allowing tourist to move around in the world with ease. It was developed only due to new development in transport system around the world. Tourist Destination statistics The global tourism market is very concentrated at the top end; 45% of the world`s international arrivals in 2010 are accounted for by the top ten countries. However the future trends show a major shift in the share of tourist arrivals from developed European economies to emerging Asian markets. Following is the ranking of top destinations as per United Nations World Tourism Organization as per different categories: International Tourist arrivals by country of destination as of 2011 France 80 Million United States 62 Million China 58 Million International Tourism receipts as of 2011 United States $116 Billion Spain $60 Billion France $54 Billion Most visited cities by international tourist arrival Paris (France) 15.6 Million London (UK) 15.2 Million Antalya (Turkey) 10.5 Million Goldrush_big.jpg Source: Amadeus The above diagram shows a research conducted by Amadeus which shows that there will be a dramatic change of travel spend with Asia-Pacific visitor arrivals accounting for 22% of global traffic and Asia-Pacific residents representing 32% of global travel spend in 2020. Although Europe will dominate the tourism market overall but Asia-Pacific have shown a great improvement and is growing faster than other regions. Economic Factors Travel Tourism is one of the worlds largest industries. In 2011 Travel Tourism contributed 9% to the global GDP which values to more than US$6 trillion, and accounted for more than 255 million jobs. Travel Tourism industry is expected to grow by an average of 4% annually over the next 10 years, taking it to 10% of global GDP, or some US$10 trillion. It is expected that by 2022 Travel Tourism industry will account for 328 million jobs or 1 in every 10 jobs on the planet. As per a survey Travel Tourism is a key generator of employment across the European Union directly generating 10 million jobs across Europe, substantially more than the automotive manufacturing (3.2 million), mining (3.6 million) and financial services sectors (8.5 million). Employment is created in the sectors like transportation services like airlines, cruise, taxi, etc; hospitality services such as hotels, resorts, etc; and entertainment industry like amusement parks, casinos, shopping malls, theatres, etc. Ev en Asia Pacific region is now investing money in Travel Tourism to depict same figures in their economies as well. Below is the diagram showing how the contribution is made towards economy and employment through Travel and Tourism (TT). It is divided into three parts i.e. Direct, Indirect and Induced. Source: World Trade and Tourism Council research report The direct contribution of TT to GDP in 2011 was USD 1,972.8bn (2.8% of GDP). The direct contribution of Travel and Tourism to GDP is expected to grow by 4.2% pa by 2022. Total contribution of TT to GDP was USD 6,346.1bn in 2011 i.e. 9.1% of GDP and is expected to grow by 2.8% to USD 6,526.9bn i.e. 9.8% of GDP by 2022. Source: WTTC Negative factors affecting tourism Below are the factors which are affecting tourism in most part of the world: Terrorist threat is one of the biggest negative factors affecting tourism. Terrorist attack in London, US, etc has reduced the number of tourist going to these countries. Also there is  terrorist threat  to  tourist destinations, such as in  Bali  and several European cities. Tsunami in Asia had affected tourism in most of the Asian countries at that time. Thousands of lives were lost including many tourists. Tsunami, Katrina and other cyclones in other regions have slowed down the tourism industry in their respective countries. Virus attacks like H1N1 influenza virus have affected the tourism in several countries. Other factors like economic unrest and recession have affected the number of tourist going for vacation. Future Developments Tourism is expected to grow at a rate of 4% annually and all this requires constant development in the technology and infrastructure. Tourists can be divided generally as per their budgets and taste thus new different ideas are required to pull tourist towards a country or city. For example some people like to go on a hill while some people like to go out for a theme park. Thus various developments were done to cater all the segments as per their needs. Developments like airlines have made it very accessible to travel round the world. International organization WHO estimates that up to 500,000 people is on planes at any time. Internet development has brought a new revolution in tourism industry. One can book tickets (Rail, ship, airlines, etc), plans, packages, etc through internet. One can easily get a customized package as per their needs on a click of button. Due to competition these website gives competitive prices which is always beneficial for the end customer. Sustainable Tourism As the environmental condition of the world deteriorating every year this is an attempt by tourism industry to make as low impact on the  environment  and local  culture  as possible, while helping to generate future employment for local people. The aim of sustainable tourism is to ensure that development brings a positive experience for local people, tourism companies and the tourists themselves. There is a difference between Sustainable tourism and  ecotourism. Ecotourism  is a form of  tourism  involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial (mass) tourism. Purpose of Ecotourism is to educate the traveler, to provide funds for  ecological conservation, to directly benefit the  economic development  and political empowerment of local communities, or to foster respect for different cultures and for  human rights. A number of countries around the world are dependent on Tourism and consider Sustainable tourism as the important vehicle for economic and social development. Sustainable tourism is visualized as leading to management of all resources in such a way that social, economic and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining biodiversity, cultural integrity, life support system and essential ecological processes. It  implies meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is not just the responsibility of government but it is the responsibility of all the stakeholders in tourism sector as well as the tourists to ensure that what they are getting today is preserve for future generations to enjoy. All stakeholders are responsible to give a good quality of life to future generations and they shouldnt do anything which would affect the lives of future generation. For Sustainable tourism each country has to address various issues of policy-making, planning, management and the participation of the private sector and other stakeholders must be addressed in terms of opportunities for action and possible constraints that need to be overcome by concerted efforts. Sustainable-Development.png Sustainable tourism aims to reach a balance between the three factors mentioned above i.e. Social, Environmental and Economic factors without affecting the tourists expectations from their travel. Sustainable tourism integrates tourism with other factors like economic and growth policies so as to reduce the negative impact mass tourism. Sustainable tourism requires involving local community as well while developing any tourism plan as they are the people who will get affected by any kind of development in their area. Murphy promoted the use of an ecological approach while implementing the sustainable tourism development process. He considered both plants and people during the process. This is in contrast to the boosterism and economic approaches to tourism planning, neither of which considers the detrimental ecological or sociological impacts of tourism development to a destination. Chapter 3: Overview of Indian Tourism Industry Introduction India is a huge land with a variety of different flora and fauna. Each place has something new to offer. It has covered by Himalayas hilly region on one side and sea on the other sides. Tourism in India is one of the largest service industries. As India is a vast country so there are thousands of destinations and each destination is a tourist spot in itself. Whether you visit the metros, big cities or remote areas of India, you will experience something different and interesting alike. Besides, India is also dotted with a number of picturesque hills which draw tourists from world over and provide a welcome respite from the hustle and bustle of cities. For those who are interested in history and architecture, India has a number of sites which have been designated as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. You can get a fine glimpse of the bygone era at these Heritage Sites.  UK and US tourists are among major tourist population that visit India. Most popular tourist destinations, in India, among Foreigners are Kerala,  Tamil Nadu,  Delhi,  Uttar Pradesh  and  Rajasthan. Most popular destination among Domestic tourist is Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Being oldest states of India, heritage Sites and most importantly Pilgrimage Sites, attracts Domestic tourist. According to  World Travel and Tourism Council, from 2009 to 2018, India will among top tourism destination,  having the highest 10-year growth potential.  The  Travel Tourism Competitiveness Report 2007  ranked tourism in India sixth in terms of price competitiveness and 39th in terms of safety and security. A 5000 year history, culture, religion and alternative medicine fascinates all segments of tourist. The focus of the industry is on Atithi Devo Bhavah campaign, targeted at the inbound foreign tourist. Translated literally it means Guest is God. Main attraction to India is its cultural and geographical diversity. It also had a rich history and each region has its own uniqueness which appeals to large and diverse tourist base. There are many tourist spots which come under UNESCO heritage. India provides heritage, sports, medical and business. India has one of the largest and fastest growing  medical tourism sectors. According to global hotel and hospitality consulting firm, HVS International, the strong performance in tourist arrivals in 2005 can be attributed to a strong sense of business and investment confidence in India inspired by: Indias strong GDP performance Strengthening of ties with developed world Reforms in aviation sector which led to better connectivity with many countries, and Opening of sectors of the economy to private sector/foreign investment. Other factors are: Development of infrastructure by government Indias emergence as an outsourcing hub Success of Incredible India campaign and other tourism promotion measures Indias growing recognition as an exciting place to visit. Ministry of Tourism National policies are planned by the Ministry of Tourism. They are responsible for the development and promotion of tourism in India. They are also responsible for the regulation of tourism industry as well as promotion of India as tourist destination to the world. They have to take consideration from all the stakeholders in the sector to execute any plan or development in any of the regions. All the stakeholders involved in this process needs to work collaboratively to function smoothly. Ministry is putting considerable effort to promote new forms of tourism like eco-tourism, medical, sports, water, etc.  The Ministry of Tourism also maintains the  Incredible India  campaign. As of January 2011, head of the ministry is the  Cabinet Minister Subodh Kant Sahay.  India  stole the limelight at the World Tourism Mart 2011 in  London  by winning two global awards Worlds Leading Destination and Worlds Leading Tourist Board,  Incredible India. Economic Factors Tourism contributes 6.4% to the national GDP and 8.8% to the employment in India. It is the 3rd largest foreign exchange earner in India. Travel Tourism (TT) directs contribution to GDP in 2011 was INR1,689.8bn (1.9% of GDP). By 2012, it is forecasted that it will grow by 7.6% to INR1,818.5bn. This shows how much economy can grow just with the help of hotels, rails and other form of transportation services (excluding commuter services). Not only this but it also includes the other industries which are dependent on the tourist such as restaurants and leisure industry. It is expected that by 2022 direct contribution of TT to GDP is expected to grow by 7.7% pa to INR3,805.2bn (1.9% of GDP). The Total contribution of TT to GDP was INR5,651.0bn in 2011 (6.4% of GDP) and by 2012 it is expected to grow by 7.3% to INR6,062.3bn (6.5% of GDP). Total contribution is further forecast to rise by 7.8% pa to INR12,891.2bn by 2022 (6.5% of GDP). % of whole economy GDP Source: WTTC Travel Tourism Economic Impact 2012 Direct TT generated by leisure travel spending (inbound and domestic) is 73.8% of direct TT GDP in 2011 (INR3,335.4bn) compared with 26.2% for business travel spending (INR1,181.3bn). Business travel spending is expected to grow by 4.1% in 2012 to INR1,229.6bn, and rise by 7.6% pa to INR2,562.2bn in 2022. Leisure travel spending is expected to grow by 8.6% in 2012 to INR3,622.3bn, and rise by 7.6% pa to INR7,554.3bn in 2022. Source: WTTC Travel Tourism Economic Impact 2012 Domestic travel spending generated 82.2% of direct Travel Tourism GDP in 2011 compared with 17.8% for visitor exports (ie foreign visitor spending or international tourism receipts). Domestic travel spending is expected to grow by 8.3% in 2012 to INR4,009.9bn, and rise by 8.1% pa to INR8,710.3bn in 2022. Visitor exports are expected to grow by 3.5% in 2012 to INR829.2bn, and rise by 5.2% pa to INR1,382.6bn in 2022. Source: WTTC Travel Tourism Economic Impact 2012 Below are the country rankings of absolute contribution for year 2011. We can see that under direct and total contribution to GDP India is ranked 11th and 12th respectively which is a good ranking. Compared to other Asian economies China is the only country ahead of India in ranking. If we consider employment parameter then India is ranked as 1st for direct contribution to employment while 2nd for total contribution to employment after China. If we see capital investment done with respect to other countries then India is ranked at 4th position. These rankings are in absolute term but if we consider relative value then India is way behind its neighbors. It is ranked as 126th as total contribution to the GDP. While contribution of tourism to employment is ranked at 102nd and capital investment at 97th. Compared to its competitive neighboring nation it is a poor ranking. C:UsersDellDocumentsAIMMRRDocsContribution.jpg Source: WTTC The tables provide brief extracts from the full WTTC Country League Table Rankings, highlighting comparisons with competing destinations as well as with the world average. The competing destinations selected are those that offer a similar tourism product and compete for tourists from the same set of origin markets. These tend to be, but are not exclusively, geographical neighbors. Below is the long term ranking on the same parameters as above. If we analyze the rankings then we can see that it is improving from the current relative rankings. C:UsersDellDocumentsAIMMRRDocsLong term.jpg Source: WTTC The above table highlights comparison with competing destination as well as with world average. It is a snapshot from WTTC country league table ranking. The competing destinations offer a similar tourism product and compete for tourists from the same set of origin markets i.e. geographic location. Statistics of Indian Tourism In 2010, numbers of foreign tourist arrival were 5.78 Million which shows the annual growth rate of 11.8%. This double digit shows that the number of tourist coming to India is increasing at a good rate because the global annual growth is just 6.6% while annual growth of entire Asia Pacific Region is 12.7%. Although this annual growth rate is comparatively high but the share of India in International tourist arrival is just 0.61% and India is ranked at 40th position. We can also see in the below chart provided by UNWTO that the inbound tourism in Asia and pacific region is going to grow faster than any other region of the world. So this gives a lot of potential for Asian countries to grow and develop their economy via medium of tourism. C:UsersDellDocumentsAIMMRRDocsunwto_general_assembly_10oct2011_slide8.jpg Source: UNWTO Maximum tourist comes from USA (16%) followed by UK (13%) and then Bangladesh (7.5%). Delhi (34.5%) and Mumbai airport (20.5%) is the main entry point for tourists coming to India. Below table shows the purpose of FTAs visit to India. C:UsersDellDocumentsAIMMRRDocs77.jpg Source: India Tourism Statistic 2010 In 2010, peak tourist month was December while on the lower side was May. In December there were around 11.8% tourist and in May there were 5.7% tourist only. The below graph shows that peak season were in Jan March Oct Dec in 2010. This is generally consistent with the pattern in 2008 and 2009 also. C:UsersDellDocumentsAIMMRRDocsMonth.jpg Source: India Tourism Statistic 2010 Peak months differ for countries to countries like for USA, Canada, Malaysia, Australia and Singapore, December was the peak month. For countries like UK, Germany and Korea January was the peak month. For few countries it is even August or July. But overall it is the winter season (October-December) where we see maximum FTAs in India i.e. 31.1% and minimum in summer season (April-June) i.e. 18.8%. Of all the FTAs in 2010, Male FTAs accounted for 59.3% while Female as 40.7%. Over the last 15 years the percentage of female visitors has increased in India. The trend among the age group which we have seen in the inbound tourist was that maximum comes from the age group of 35-44, followed by the age groups of 45-54 years and 25-34 years. Minimum were in the age group of 15-24 years. Domestic Tourism: Along with International tourism even Domestic tourism is increasing at a good pace. The compound annual growth rate of domestic tourist visits to all states/UTs from 1991 to 2010 is 13.5%. Below is the diagram showing year-wise domestic/foreign tourists visits to States/ UTs during 2000 and 2010 C:UsersDellDocumentsAIMMRRDocsDomestic.jpg Source: India Tourism Statistic 2010 Below is the figure showing the percentage share of Top 10 States/UTs in Domestic tourist visits in 2010. We can see that Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Tamilnadu itself comprise of roughly 55% of the total domestic tourist visit. In terms of foreign tourist Maharashtra is the state which is most visited i.e. 28.5%. C:UsersDellDocumentsAIMMRRDocsshare.jpg Source: India Tourism Statistic 2010 Chapter 4: Transport Industry in India Introduction Transport in the Republic of India is an important part of the nations economy. Since the economic liberalization of the 1990s, development of infrastructure within the country has progressed at a rapid pace, and today there is a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. Indias transport sector is large and diverse; it caters to the needs of 1.1 billion people. In 2007, the sector contributed about 5.5 percent to the nations GDP. Public transport still remains the primary mode of transport for most of the population, and Indias public transport systems are among the most heavily used in the world. Indias rail network is the 4th longest and the most heavily used system in the world, transporting over 6  billion passengers and over 350 million  tons of freight annually. Good physical connectivity in the urban and rural areas is essential for economic growth. Since the early 1990s, Indias growing economy has witnessed a rise in demand for transport infrastructure and services. However, the sector has not been able to keep pace with rising demand and is proving to be a drag on the economy. Major improvements in the sector are required to support the countrys continued economic growth and to reduce poverty. Primary Mode of Transportation Railways.  Indian Railways (reporting mark IR) is an Indian state-owned railway enterprise, owned and operated by the Government of India through the Ministry of Railways. It is one of the worlds largest railway networks comprising a total of 114,500 kilometres (71,147 mi) of track over a route of 65,000 kilometres (40,389 mi) and 7,500 stations. IR carries over 30 million passengers and 2.8 million tons of freight daily. In 2011-2012 Railway earned INR104,278.79 crore (US$18.87 billion) which consists of INR69,675.97 crore (US$12.61 billion) from freight and INR28,645.52 crore (US$5.18 billion) from passengers tickets. It is one of the worlds largest employers.  The railways play a leading role in carrying passengers and cargo across Indias vast territory. However, most of its major corridors have capacity constraint requiring capacity enhancement plans. To reduce congestion on rail corridors along the highly trafficked Golden Quadrilateral and improving port connectivity govern ment is launching the National Rail Vikas Yojana (National Railway Development Program). The development of two Dedicated Freight Corridors from Mumbai to Delhi and Ludhiana to Dankuni is also in governments plan. Roads.  Roads are the dominant mode of transportation in India today. They carry almost 90 percent of the countrys passenger traffic and 65 percent of its freight. The density of Indias highway network at 0.66 km of highway per square kilometer of land is similar to that of the United States (0.65) and much greater than Chinas (0.16) or Brazils (0.20). However, most highways in India are narrow and congested with poor surface quality, and 40 percent of Indias villages do not have access to all-weather roads. Ports. India has a long coastline, spanning 7516.6 kilometres, forming one of the biggest peninsulas in the world. It is serviced by 13 major ports (12 government and 1 corporate) and 187 notified minor and intermediate ports. The latest addition to major ports is Port Blair on June 2010, the 13th port in the country. These ports serve the countrys growing foreign trade in petroleum products, iron ore, and coal, as well as the increasing movement of containers. Inland water transportation remains largely undeveloped despite Indias 14,000 kilometers of navigable rivers and canals. Aviation. India has  125 airports, including 11 international airports. Indian airports handled 96 million passengers and 1.5 million tons of cargo in year 2006-2007, an increase of 31.4% for passenger and 10.6% for cargo traffic over previous year. The dramatic increase in air traffic for both passengers and cargo in recent years has placed a heavy strain on the countrys major airports. Passenger traffic is projected to cross 100 million and cargo to cross 3.3 million tons by year 2010. Privatization and expansion of the Mumbai and New Delhi Airports and development of new international airports at Hyderabad and Bangalore. Transport infrastructure in India is better developed in the southern and southwestern parts of the country. PESTLE Analysis Political Context Many limitations were imposed by public transport sector. Also government has imposed many taxes which will further increase the prices of automobiles. Government has asked public transport vehicles in many cities to move to CNG instead of petrol which has affected many individuals. Launching the ambitious National Highway Development Program which has seven phases and is expected to be completed by 2012. It includes improved connectivity between Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata, popularly called the Golden Quadrilateral, in the first phase, North- South and East- West corridors in phase two, four laning of more than 12,000 km in phase three, two laning of 20,000km and six laning of 6,500 km respectively in phase four and five, development of 1,000km of expressway in phase six and other important highway projects in phase seven. Total expected investment is INR 2.2 trillion. Accelerated Road Development Program for the North East Region to provide road connectivi ty to all State capitals and district headquarters in the region. Economic Context Petrol prices are increasing every year at a sky rocket speed and this will surely hamper the transport industry as it will lead to increase in the travelling fare. Consumer confidence has decreased as a result of the economic downturn and people are seeking savings in their everyday life. Increase in the average disposable income of both families and individuals indicates that more people can afford to buy and use a private car. Tourism bring foreign exchange earnings of USD 14.19 Billion. The top-income households, the real consuming class with high disposable income, have been getting richer faster. It is for this reason that the boom in sales of virtually every consumer product from cars to bikes to TV sets is visible all over. Societies Context Growing population and numbers of visitors/tourists/immigrants imply increasing demand for transport Services. People are more time-poor and seek efficient ways of transport in the city, where public transport possesses advantages such as rail and bus lanes that avoid traffic jams. People seek the convenience, personal comfort and social status that mainly private cars or, to a certain degree, taxis can offer Technology Context Rapid development in communication and computer technologies, e.g. increasing use of videoconferencing, tele-working and the Internet